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光明文化周末：母亲的厨房******

　　作者：李秀萍

　　冬日，乡下人家的厨房，烧火做饭的热气和寒气交融在一起，雾气缭绕。清晨，我在睡眼惺忪之时听到锅碗瓢盆相互触碰的声响，就知道母亲已经在厨房的一片雾气中准备早饭了。

　　我们家的厨房是母亲的厨房。母亲似乎永远都精力充沛地在厨房里忙碌着，为全家人准备一日三餐。她的厨艺谈不上精湛，但她总是力所能及地满足着全家人的口腹之欲。我品尝过天南海北的许多美食，但偏偏钟情于寻常食物——母亲蒸的馒头，烙的油饼。

　　母亲蒸的白面馒头特别好吃，尤其是刚出锅的。母亲迅捷地揭开锅盖，馒头便赫然呈现在眼前，白白胖胖，热气腾腾。她捡出热馒头，双手来回倒换着放在小篮筐里。我忍不住抓起一个放到嘴里，嚼起来面香浓郁。一些馒头下面没有屉布，面团膨胀时直接穿过蒸笼的小孔，出锅后馒头下面便有了很多小凸起。我就喜欢吃小凸起，挨个揪着吃。

　　母亲烙饼时我爱到厨房帮忙——帮着往灶膛里添柴。柴不能随便添，玉米秸秆或是稻草秸秆要轮换着添，还要控制好数量，以保证大铁锅温度适宜。母亲烙饼我添柴，我配合得恰到好处。新出锅的油饼让我垂涎，油汪汪，香喷喷，既酥脆又松软。母亲烙饼的手艺在亲戚中是出了名的，但她还是会问我好不好吃，我嘴巴忙着吞咽，顾不上说话，只能点头。

　　小时候最喜欢除夕那天厨房里煎炒烹炸、热气腾腾的景象。平时不下厨的父亲登台亮相，一展身手。香气透过门缝飘出来，我和弟弟悄悄溜进厨房，看见父亲手拿一把勺子，动作夸张地翻炒着，锅里腾起一股油烟。母亲在灶下添柴，不时地递酱油，递白糖，递醋，递盐……两人呼来唤去，又转来转去，厨房里仿佛有千军万马的喧嚣。弟弟馋得厉害，不时询问什么时候开饭。

　　雏鸟终会长大，在广阔的天地间独自飞翔。我和弟弟也有了自己的家，自己的生活。从此，母亲的厨房沉寂了许多。只有节假日时，全家齐聚一堂，厨房里才会重现昔日生机勃勃的景象：大铁锅里炖着肉，电磁炉上煨着汤，煤气灶上炒着菜。我们在厨房里各自施展厨艺，母亲在一旁看着，时不时地告诉我们各种调料的位置。她心里应该很快乐吧。我从年少到现在，母亲和我说的许多话——那些鼓励的话、劝慰的话，大多是在厨房里我们一起做饭时说的。

　　后来，母亲在我家帮我看护孩子多年，于是，我家的厨房也成了母亲的厨房。母亲识字不多，但并不缺少生活智慧，说话做事讲究分寸，她通常征求我们的意见为孩子准备食物，也为我们准备可口的饭菜。有时下班晚了，疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，在昏黄的暮色中，望见家里的厨房亮着灯，便不由得加快了脚步。待我推开家门，厨房里正飘出饭菜的香气，还未等我坐定，母亲已经把饭菜摆在了餐桌上。

　　母亲从一个厨房辗转到另一个厨房，交付了全身心的热忱，使得她常常忘记自己，也从不觉得单调乏味。她把厨房当作自己的道场，演绎着她的情感与责任，她只希望她的孩子们能够积蓄力量，如鸟儿般从地面一跃而起，翱翔在生活之上。母亲的生活是简单的，又是丰富的；是狭窄的，又是辽阔的。

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月06日 15版）

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）